This example shows a horizontal bar chart of the populations of the world’s most populous countries, using data from a CSV file. It demonstrates fundamental D3.js DOM manipulation by loading the data, setting up linear and band scales, and appending SVG rectangles for each bar. The code uses `d3.select`, `d3.csv`, `scaleLinear`, `scaleBand`, and the `axisLeft` and `axisBottom` components to render the chart.