This bar chart displays the population of ten countries, with horizontal bars ordered by country name along the y-axis and population values on the x-axis. It is built using the D3.js library (v5) and renders directly to an SVG element. The code employs `scaleLinear` for the quantitative population axis and `scaleBand` for the ordinal country categories, with axes generated via `axisLeft` and `axisBottom`. Data is loaded from an external `data.csv` file using D3's `csv` function, and the population values are converted to numbers before the chart is drawn.