A bar chart displays population counts for ten countries using D3.js v5 with SVG rendering. The code loads data from a CSV file and uses `d3.csv`, `d3.scaleLinear` for the x-axis, and `d3.scaleBand` for the categorical y-axis. Rectangles are appended via data joins, with widths proportional to population values (converted from thousands to absolute numbers). The example demonstrates core D3 selection, scaling, and DOM manipulation patterns in a straightforward horizontal bar layout.