A hierarchical tree visualization displays the world’s countries, organized by continent and subregion, using a left-to-right layout with curved links. The D3 tree layout computes node positions, while linkHorizontal generates the paths and text elements label each country. Pan and zoom are enabled via d3.zoom, and the SVG scales to the full viewport. Data comes from a static JSON file with a nested structure, and typography uses the Playfair Display font.