A horizontal bar chart displays population values for a list of countries. The chart loads data from a local CSV file, converting the population strings to numbers. Using D3.js v5, the code applies `d3.scaleLinear` for the x-axis and `d3.scaleBand` for the y-axis, rendering blue rectangles via SVG. Axes are added with `d3.axisLeft` and `d3.axisBottom`.