A horizontal bar chart displays population figures for nine countries, sourced from an embedded CSV file. The bars render as SVG rectangles, with each country's population scaled linearly along the x-axis and country names positioned using a band scale on the y-axis. The code uses d3.csv to load the data, d3.scaleLinear for the width mapping, d3.scaleBand for categorical spacing, and d3.select to append the rectangles.