This example visualizes global population data for 2018 by placing semi-transparent circles on a natural Earth projection map, where each circle’s area corresponds to a country’s population. Users can pan and zoom the SVG scene, and hover over countries to see their name and exact population in a tooltip. The code uses d3.geoNaturalEarth1, d3.geoPath, d3.geoCentroid, d3.zoom, d3.scaleSqrt, and d3.scaleOrdinal, with population data loaded from a CSV and country boundaries from TopoJSON. A custom size legend and color legend are implemented using SVG groups.