A horizontal bar chart displays population estimates for ten countries, showing values scaled in thousands. D3 loads the dataset via `csv`, converts population strings to numbers, and renders rectangles using `scaleLinear` for the x-axis and `scaleBand` for y-axis positioning. The SVG output is sized at 960 by 500 pixels, with bars styled by default and no axes or labels drawn. The code imports `select`, `csv`, `scaleLinear`, `max`, and `scaleBand` from D3 v5.