This bar chart visualizes life expectancy against population, using the D3.js library (v6) to render SVG bars and axes. The data is loaded from a CSV file via `d3.text`, then parsed and bound to rectangles. Hovering a bar triggers `mouseover` and `mouseout` handlers, changing the bar’s fill to orange and displaying a tooltip with the exact values. The chart includes rotated x-axis labels, axis labels, and a title, with scales set via `d3.scaleBand` and `d3.scaleLinear`.