This example demonstrates SVG fundamentals by rendering primitive shapes—circles, rectangles, lines, and paths—directly in an HTML document. It highlights how SVG z-ordering depends on code order, with later elements drawn on top. The visualization uses raw SVG markup without D3, while the companion `index-d3.html` and `index.js` files show a D3 v7 starter template that uses `select` to insert text. The SVG includes attributes like `fill`, `stroke`, and `stroke-width`, and even shows a path drawn with `M` and `L` commands.