This stacked bar chart displays the top 5 religions by population for each country, using color to encode religion and bar length to encode population. The visualization is built with the Vega-Lite API, which constructs a specification programmatically using methods like `markBar()` and `encode()`. Data is loaded from a CSV file via `d3.csv`, and the chart is rendered to SVG through Vega, with custom configuration for axis styling and tooltips provided by `vega-tooltip`.