A horizontal bar chart displays population figures for ten countries, ranked from largest to smallest. The chart uses D3 v5 with `csv` to load data and `scaleBand` for the categorical y-axis, while `scaleLinear` maps population values to bar widths. Axes are added with `axisLeft` and `axisBottom`, and bars are rendered as SVG `rect` elements. The data is read from `data.csv`, with population values multiplied by one thousand during preprocessing.