A horizontal bar chart displays the population of 20 countries in 2010, using data from a GitHub-hosted CSV file. The bars are rendered as lightgreen rectangles using SVG, with a linear x-scale for population values and a band y-scale for country names. D3 v7 handles the axis generation and formatting, converting population figures to abbreviated labels like "B" for billions. The chart includes labeled axes for both population and countries, and the code is organized into separate modules for data loading, axes, and marks.