This line chart shows India’s CO2 emissions over time, with a single steelblue line tracing annual values on a time-scaled x-axis and a linear y-axis labeled in MtCO₂e. The code uses d3.csv to load data, d3.timeParse to convert year strings into dates, and d3.scaleTime, d3.scaleLinear, d3.axisLeft, d3.axisBottom, and d3.line to render the SVG chart. The visualization filters out invalid data points before drawing, and the axes are labeled directly within the SVG group elements.