A combined bar chart and line chart visualize the relationship between student attendance (bars) and exam scores (line) across hours studied, using the first 50 rows of the StudentPerformanceFactors dataset loaded via `d3.csv`. The SVG rendering uses `scaleBand` for the x-axis, `scaleLinear` for the y-axis, and `d3.axisBottom`/`axisLeft` for ticks. Attendance bars and a red exam-score line are generated with `selectAll` and `d3.line`, while a static legend clarifies the two encodings.