A horizontal bar chart displays country populations with bars extending rightward from the y-axis. The example loads data from a CSV file and renders it as SVG rectangles using D3 version 6. It employs `d3.scaleLinear` for the x-axis population scale, `d3.scaleBand` for the categorical y-axis, and `d3.csv` to parse the data. The visualization demonstrates basic data binding and SVG attribute manipulation with `selectAll` and `enter` selections.