A horizontal bar chart displays the top 10 countries by 2020 population from a UN dataset loaded via d3.csv. The visualization uses React state to manage the data lifecycle. Scales from d3.scaleBand and d3.scaleLinear map country names and population values to SVG coordinates. Grid lines, tick labels, and bars are rendered as SVG elements using React’s declarative JSX syntax. The chart includes a black axis line and text labels positioned using D3 scale outputs, with Vega tooltip and Vega-Lite libraries loaded but not actively used in the visible code.