This bubble chart shows the relationship between GDP per capita and life expectancy for five countries, with bubble size encoding population. It uses d3.csv to load data, d3.scaleLinear for the x- and y-axes, and d3.scaleSqrt to size the bubbles by population. Circles are rendered with SVG, and d3.axisBottom and d3.axisLeft generate the axes with labeled GDP and life expectancy values. Country labels are placed at the center of each bubble.