This bubble chart visualizes life expectancy versus healthcare spending across several countries from 1970 to 1974, with each circle’s size and color encoding spending magnitude and country identity. The visualization uses d3.csv to load the dataset, d3.scaleLinear for axes and bubble sizing, and d3.scaleOrdinal with d3.interpolateTurbo for country colors. Hover interactions trigger custom tooltips showing country, spending, and life expectancy values. The chart is rendered as an SVG with a legend for spending amounts, using d3.axisBottom and d3.axisLeft for axes.