The chart displays the population of ten countries as horizontal bars, with China and India dwarfing the others. It uses D3 v5 APIs including `d3.csv` for data loading, `d3.scaleLinear` for the x-axis, `d3.scaleBand` for the y-axis categories, and SVG `rect` elements for rendering. The y-axis labels are positioned to the left, while value ticks appear along the bottom. Population values are imported from a CSV file and multiplied by 1,000 to represent actual figures.