A pie chart visualizes the population distribution across continents, sourced from a CSV file fetched via `d3.csv` and represented as proportional slices. The D3 code uses `d3.pie` to compute arc segments, `d3.arc` with inner and outer radii to generate the shapes, and `d3.scaleOrdinal` with a custom color array for section fills. Each slice displays its population value as text, positioned using the arc’s centroid. A legend, built with SVG rectangles and text, maps continent names to their corresponding colors and formatted population counts, rendering everything within an SVG canvas.