A horizontal bar chart displays the top ten most populous countries, with China leading and France last. The code uses d3.csv to load population data, d3.scaleLinear for the x-axis, and d3.scaleBand for the y-axis. Custom axes are built with d3.axisBottom and d3.axisLeft, formatting population values in billions via d3.format, while removing default domain lines and adding custom labels in SVG.