A horizontal bar chart displays the population of ten countries, sourced from data.csv, with China and India leading. The SVG chart is built using D3 v5, where `scaleLinear` maps population values to bar widths and `scaleBand` positions each country's bar vertically. The code reads the CSV, multiplies populations by 1000, and appends `rect` elements to the SVG, with bar height derived from the band width.