This bubble chart visualizes the relationship between GDP, population, and life expectancy for 16 countries using a Cartesian coordinate system. Each circle's x-position corresponds to GDP, y-position to population, and radius to life expectancy, with color distinguishing countries. Built with D3 v7, the visualization uses `d3.scaleLinear()` for axes, `d3.scaleSqrt()` for bubble sizing, and `d3.scaleOrdinal()` for categorical coloring. Interactive hover effects enlarge bubbles and display country labels via `.on('mouseover')` handlers. Data loads from a local CSV file, rendered as SVG with animated transitions on user interaction.