A horizontal bar chart displays population estimates for ten countries, ordered from largest to smallest and read from a CSV file. The chart uses D3 v5’s `scaleBand` for the categorical country axis and `scaleLinear` for the quantitative population axis. SVG rectangles are bound to the data, with width mapped to population and height set by the band scale’s `bandwidth`. Axes are rendered using `axisLeft` and `axisBottom`, with margins applied via an SVG group transform.