This map visualizes global population estimates for 2018 by projecting country centroids onto a natural Earth projection. Circles sized proportionally to population via a square-root scale are placed at each centroid, while uniform circles represent countries lacking data. The visualization uses D3.js APIs including `geoPath`, `geoCentroid`, `geoNaturalEarth1`, `scaleSqrt`, and `scaleOrdinal`, rendering with SVG. Population data comes from a CSV of UN estimates, and country shapes from a TopoJSON world atlas.