A horizontal bar chart displays 2019 greenhouse gas emissions (in MtCO₂e) for eleven top-GDP countries, with population values from `data.csv`. Steel-blue bars encode emissions magnitude on a linear scale, while country names align on a band scale. The SVG rendering uses D3 v7’s `scaleLinear`, `scaleBand`, `axisLeft`, and `axisBottom` to construct the plot and axes. Interactive hover effects reveal a custom tooltip with the emission value, and the bar fill darkens via `attr("fill")` on mouse events.