This example demonstrates how to add labels to both axes of a scatterplot-style visualization using D3. The code constructs a simple chart with a gray inner rectangle, linear scales, and bottom and left axes, then appends rotated and centered text labels for the X and Y axes. It uses modular functions like `xAxisLabel` and `yAxisLabel` to position the labels with configurable offsets. The implementation relies on D3’s `scaleLinear`, `axisBottom`, and `axisLeft` APIs, with a ResizeObserver to handle responsive sizing.