Date,Event Name,Description,Key Actors,Impact/Significance 1953,Western-backed coup in Iran,Overthrew democratically elected government and replaced it with a corrupt autocrat,US, UK, Iran,Created a legacy of mistrust and animosity towards Western powers in Iran. October 7, 2023,Hamas attack on Israel,Hamas launched attacks on Israel,Hamas, Israel,Triggered widespread conflict and Israeli military response in Gaza. Late 2024,ICC indictment of Netanyahu,ICC issued arrest warrants for Benjamin Netanyahu and Yoav Gallant for war crimes and crimes against humanity in Gaza,ICC, Benjamin Netanyahu, Yoav Gallant,Signaled international legal pressure on Israeli leadership; caused a diplomatic stir. April 2025,"US-Iran Nuclear Negotiations Begin",The United States and Iran began a series of negotiations aimed at reaching a nuclear peace agreement; 5 rounds of talks held through June 13, 2025,US, Iran,Attempt to de-escalate nuclear tensions; Israel saw it as a threat. April 3, 2025,Netanyahu's visit to Hungary,Netanyahu visited Hungary after ICC warrant, Hungarian PM Orbán refused to arrest him,Benjamin Netanyahu, Viktor Orbán,Demonstrated challenges in enforcing ICC warrants and political alliances. April-June 2025,"Gaza Humanitarian Aid Restrictions",Israel continued to prevent significant humanitarian aid from entering Gaza, leading to widespread starvation,Israel, UN, Palestinian civilians,Severe humanitarian crisis, international condemnation. June 11, 2025,Iran threatens US military bases,Iran threatened to attack US military bases if nuclear talks failed; US evacuation of nonessential personnel,Iran, US,Increased regional tensions, US contingency planning. June 13, 2025,Netanyahu launches "illegal and unilateral surprise attack" on Iran,"Israel launched attacks on Iran, bombing targets including nuclear sites and military installations, killing hundreds. This contravened US wishes for diplomacy and sabotaged planned 6th round of talks.",Israel (Netanyahu government), Iran,Initiated direct military conflict between Israel and Iran, escalated regional tensions, undermined US diplomacy. June 13, 2025,Assassination of Iranian nuclear negotiator,In its first round of strikes, Israel assassinated Fereydoon Abbasi, a nuclear scientist involved in Iran's nuclear program and believed to be overseeing negotiations.,Israel, Fereydoon Abbasi, Iran,Further escalated tensions and indicated a strategic goal beyond just nuclear facilities. June 13, 2025 onwards,"Iran Responds with Attacks on Israel",Iran responded with ballistic missiles and drones, killing dozens of people and injuring hundreds in Israel,Iran, Israel,Direct retaliation, further escalation of conflict. June 16, 2025,"Israeli tanks fire on Gaza crowd",Israeli tanks fired into a crowd in Khan Younis desperately trying to collect food, killing at least 59 people (later reports suggest over 70),Israel, Palestinian civilians,Caused mass casualties, highlighted severe humanitarian situation and aid restrictions. June 17, 2025,"Trump dismisses DNI assessment on Iran's nuclear program",President Trump dismissed his DNI Tulsi Gabbard's March 2025 assessment that Iran is not building a nuclear weapon, stating he believed Iran was "very close",Donald Trump, Tulsi Gabbard,Signaled a potential shift in US stance, despite intelligence assessments, raising concerns about future US involvement. June 18-19, 2025,"Trump considers US military involvement",President Trump states he has not yet decided on US military involvement but is considering it, with a decision expected within two weeks; US military aircraft deployments to Europe observed,Donald Trump, US military,Indicates potential for direct US military intervention in the conflict, increasing risk of wider war. June 19, 2025,"Netanyahu openly talks regime change in Iran",Netanyahu states the fall of the Iranian regime could be a result of the conflict and threatens to kill Iranian political leadership,Benjamin Netanyahu, Iran,Signals maximalist goals for the war, increasing the stakes and reducing diplomatic off-ramps.